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Myrsine alyxifolia

Hosaka (1940)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Primulaceae Genus: Myrsine

kōlea [kolea]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Many-branched shrubs or small trees 2–6 m tall.

Stems: Branches brown to reddish brown, glabrous to sparsely reddish brown puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.5–4.2 cm long, 0.6–1.5 cm wide. Apex rounded to bluntly acute, rarely acute, occasionally minutely notched. Base cuneate to sometimes attenuate. Surfaces glabrous, ± black punctate, yellowish green or occasionally medium green, more or less well–distributed along upper branches; upper surfaces slightly glossy; lower surfaces dull and pale, slightly fleshy, wrinkled when dry. Margins entire and revolute. Midrib prominent, venation otherwise obscure. Petioles 1– 5 mm long, glabrous to sparsely brown puberulent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (3)4–6 in bracteolate fascicles among and below the leaves, pedicels 4–5 mm long, sparsely brown puberulent or glabrous. Flowers apparently bisexual (perfect). Calyx 4–5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so, the lobes imbricate or valvate in bud, lobes 0.6–1 mm long, margins ciliate. Corolla 4–5(6)-lobed, the lobes nearly distinct or connate up to ½ their length, imbricate in bud, oblong–oblanceolate, ca. 2–2.5 mm long, with black raised secretory lines, margins ciliate. Stamens inserted on corolla throat; anthers 1.8–2.2 mm long, apex with a tuft of hairs. Ovary superior, 3–5(6)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovules few in a single row, ovary reduced and sterile or absent in staminate flowers; style very short or absent, terminal; stigma capitate-angled.

Fruit: Drupes purplish black; ca.5–7 mm in diameter. Seeds 1 per fruit; small; dark colored; subglobose; excavated at base.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Diverse mesic forest; occasionally in wet forest.

Elevation Range: 580–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Not in flora

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 16: 51 (1940)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:937 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub or dwarf tree, 2 m. branches spreading, fr. green van Balgooy, M.M.J. 4227 Kauai BISH 1982-05-30
2 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5013 Kauai BISH 1983-08-28
3 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1654 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
4 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4963 Kauai BISH 1983-08-26
5 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 968 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
6 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1658 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
7 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2353 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
8 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1532 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
9 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Avg. tree height 50-60 ft. Small leaves pale Stone, B.C. 1574 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
10 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1643 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
11 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1990-05-05
12 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen typically with long dangling branches; Takeuchi, W.N. 3677 Kauai BISH 1987-09-26
13 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist woods Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. tree x 4 in. St.John, H. 13752 Kauai BISH 1933-12-27
14 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Avg. tree height 50-60 ft. Small dark leaves Stone, B.C. 1575 Kauai BISH 1956-12-29
15 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest with numerous Ilex anomala and Bobea brevipes Preserved_Specimen Common understory shrub Takeuchi, W.N. 3696 Kauai BISH 1987-10-25
16 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Bush 8 ft. tall St.John, H. 13806 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
17 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open Ohia woods Preserved_Specimen 6m shrub, lvs coriaceous, above dark green, below green St.John, H. 20001 Kauai BISH 1939-02-12
18 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist situation in valley Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Ht. 2 1/2 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 760 Kauai BISH 1927-02-17
19 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10822 Kauai BISH 1930-12-28
20 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed wet foresst with matting ferns of Diplopterygium and Dicranopteris with Broussaisia arguta, Touchardia latifolia, Psychotria mariniana, P. hexandra, Antidesma platyphylla, Kadua affinis, Melicope wawraeana, Vaccinium calycinum, Coprosma kauaense, Sadleria spp., Cystopte Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1.5 meters tall, with immature fruit, occasional, some plants with pedicels exceeding 4-5 mm. in length as circumscribed and observed in westers colonies of Kauai. Wood, K.R. 18795 Kauai BISH 2021-07-29
21 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Kadua affinis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, M. alyxifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nestegis sandwi Preserved_Specimen tree, 4m tall, fully branched and vigorous Wood, K.R. Kauai BISH 2015-01-16
22 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet, low forest of Psychotria, Myrsine, Metrosideros, Preserved_Specimen 2 m. shrub, perianth lined with red brown St.John, H. 26029 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
23 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros- Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Sadleria\\\\nWeeds: Passiflora mollissima. Preserved_Specimen Small tree 4 meter ht with no flowers, no fruit, leaves are larger, maybe hybrid? Perlman, S. 24988 Kauai BISH 2016-05-18
24 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest w/ Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Kadua affinis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis M. alyxifolia, Cheirodendron trigynum, Nestegis sandwi Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 m tall, well branched in fruit, occasional. Wood, K.R. 16228 Kauai BISH 2015-01-16
25 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist forest Preserved_Specimen Bush 8 ft. tall St.John, H. 13806 Kauai BISH 1933-12-28
26 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest Preserved_Specimen tree, bushy, 3 m tall, leaves dark green, in flower, occasional Wood, K.R. 14576 Kauai BISH 2011-03-26
27 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry-mesic forest with Acacia koa, Pelea, Alphitonia, and Rubiaceae Preserved_Specimen Small, slender tree with dense crown. foliage dark green, glossy. Herbst, D.R. 1080 Kauai BISH 1968-04-24
28 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub or small tree; fls. greenish. Alexander, A.M. 5205 Kauai BISH 1947-03-08
29 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed forest dominated by Acacia koa and Metrosideros polymorpha. Preserved_Specimen Spindlyh treeof 12 ft. Leaves dark, semi-glossy green above, dull, pale grey-green below. Petioles with slight reddish cast. Flynn, T.W. 3276 Kauai BISH 1989-02-15
30 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse forest of Metrosideros, Xylosma, Nestegis and Cryptocarya. On heavily grazed, grassy slope. With Myrsine lessertiana and Pneumatopteris sandwicensis. Preserved_Specimen Spindly tree of 17 ft. Flynn, T.W. 2105 Kauai BISH 1987-03-20
31 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry-mesic forest with Acacia koa, Pelea, Alphitonia, and Rubiaceae Preserved_Specimen Small, slender tree with dense crown. foliage dark green, glossy. Herbst, D.R. 1080 Kauai BISH 1968-04-24
32 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details N facing slope, montane transitional mesic to wet forest; Alphitonia, Hedyotis terminalis, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Antidesma, Psychotria mariniana, Dodonaea viscosa, Melicope feddei, Bobea brevipes, Cheirodendron trigynum, Ilex anomala, Melicope clusiifolia, Santalum freycinetianum, Dryopteris fusco-atra, Doodia kunthiana, Diplazium sandwichianum, Asplenium polyodon Preserved_Specimen 3 m tree; stems medium brown; distance between nodes irregular; petiole green red Wood, K.R. 12502 Kauai BISH 2007-08-17
33 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirondendron montane wet steep north facing closed to open forest with rich fern and moss ground cover. W/ Gahnia beecheyi, Dianella sandwicensis, Melicope clustifolia, M. Kauaiensis, Leptecophylla, Asplenium normale, A. contiguum, A. schizophyllum, adjacent to steep slopes of matting ferns Dicranopteri Preserved_Specimen tree, 2m tall, streams gray-brown, fully branched, leaves dark green above, paler below, occasional Wood, K.R. 14347 Kauai BISH 2010-10-08
34 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicronopteris-Cheirodentron wet forest w/ Cyrtandra, Phyllostegia electra, Milicope wawraeana, Kadua affins, K. tryblium, Dubautia, Cyanea habenata, Diplopterygium, Ilex anomala, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Bidens, Smilax, Ps Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft tall on fenceline. New leaves light yellow-pink. Older leaves yellow-green. With fruit. Tangalin, N. 2557 Kauai BISH 2012-03-07
35 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open Ohia woods Preserved_Specimen 6m shrub, lvs coriaceous, above dark green, below green St.John, H. 20001 Kauai BISH 1939-02-12
36 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree of 18 ft.; one branch with a sucker sprout and two seedlings from around tree. Flynn, T.W. 1483 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
37 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed mesophytic forest of Metrosideros, Syzygium, Ilex, Nestegis, etc. on steep, rocky slopes with open areas covered by ferns. Preserved_Specimen Tree 4 m. tall, crown dense. Fruits green speckled with red. Lorence, D.H. 5305 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
38 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist woods Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. tree x 4 in. St.John, H. 13752 Kauai BISH 1933-12-27
39 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing with Bobea mannii and Osmanthus sandwicensis, Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. shrub - nearly all plants sterile Takeuchi, W.N. 2467 Kauai BISH 1985-09-21
40 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest. W/ Alphitonia, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiensis, Antidesma, Diospyros sandwicensis, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea, Wikstroemia furcata, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Kadua affinis, Melicope ovata, M. barbige Preserved_Specimen tree, 4 m tall, stems gray, leaning on Alphitonia, fruit purple, occasional Wood, K.R. 4650 Kauai BISH 2011-05-11
41 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open, mesic-summer dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Small tree with many fine ascending branches. Mature fruit purple-black. Herbst, D.R. 2353 Kauai BISH 1972-03-07
42 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Two plants. The larger leaved specimen is from a plant that has been cut back severely and is sending out new shoots. Plews, J.H.R. Kauai BISH 1986-03-15
43 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small shrubby plant of 4 ft. Flynn, T.W. 1484 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
44 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1650 Kauai BISH 1909-02-14
45 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Scattered schrubs, 6-10 ft in heght with fruit Perlman, S. 22754 Kauai BISH 2012-01-25
46 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Tree of 18 ft.; one branch with a sucker sprout and two seedlings from around tree. Flynn, T.W. 1483 Kauai BISH 1986-01-29
47 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 217 Kauai BISH 1987-06-16
48 Myrsine alyxifolia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5012 Kauai BISH 1983-08-28
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